Baarsma E A
Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 1980;226(1-2):107-13. doi: 10.1007/BF00455409.
The median nasal sinus and the dermoid cyst of the nose are relatively rare congenital anomalies. The most likely hypothesis for their ontogeny seems to be the retention of ectodermal fragments during closure of the anterior foramen of the neural tube early in embryonal development. The results of the surgical management of fourteen patients with a median dermoid cyst of the nose are discussed. Presenting symptoms were recurrent abscess formation on the dorsum of the nose, a secreting fistula in the median line of the dorsum of the nose, or meningitis. The draining site of the sinus varied less than the location of the dermoid cyst. Treatment consisted in radical excision in a quite stage, using the binocular microscope followed by primary reconstruction of nasal skeletal defects. Anomalies are due not only to development disturbances in the surrounding structures owing to the presence of the sinus and the cyst, but also to growth of the cyst and to infection. Partly for that reason, early surgical management is indicated. It should be preceded by proper radiological examination, because this can provide important clues as to the site of the dermoid cyst. If an endocranial extension has been established preoperatively, a combined ORL and neurosurgical operation is necessary.
鼻正中鼻窦和鼻皮样囊肿是相对罕见的先天性异常。关于它们的发生，最可能的假说是在胚胎发育早期神经管前孔闭合过程中，外胚层碎片的残留。本文讨论了14例鼻正中皮样囊肿患者的手术治疗结果。主要症状为鼻背部反复脓肿形成、鼻背部中线分泌性瘘管或脑膜炎。鼻窦的引流部位变化比皮样囊肿的位置小。治疗方法是在静止期使用双目显微镜进行根治性切除，随后对鼻骨缺损进行一期重建。这些异常不仅是由于鼻窦和囊肿的存在导致周围结构发育紊乱，还由于囊肿的生长和感染。部分由于这个原因，建议早期进行手术治疗。手术前应进行适当的放射学检查，因为这可以为皮样囊肿的位置提供重要线索。如果术前已确定有颅内扩展，则需要耳鼻喉科和神经外科联合手术。
