Schlosser G, Roth G
Brain Research Institute, University of Bremen, Germany.
J Morphol. 1995 Nov;226(2):189-212. doi: 10.1002/jmor.1052260207.
We studied the peripheral nervous system of early tadpoles of the frog Discoglossus pictus using whole-mount immunohistochemistry. Double-labeling of muscles and nerves allowed us to determine the innervation of all cranial muscles supplied by the trigeminal, facial, glossopharyngeal, vagal, and hypoglossal nerves. The gross anatomical pattern of visceral, cutaneous, and lateral-line innervation was also assessed. Most muscles of the visceral arches are exclusively supplied by posttrematic rami of the corresponding branchiomeric nerves, the only exceptions being some ventral muscles (intermandibular, interhyoid, and subarcual rectus muscles). In the mandibular arch, the pattern of motor ramules of the trigeminal nerve prefigures in a condensed form the adult pattern, but the muscles of the hyoid arch are innervated by ramules of the facial nerve in a pattern that differs from that of postmetamorphic frogs. With respect to the nerves of the branchial arches, pretrematic visceral rami, typical of other gnathostomes, are absent in D. pictus. Instead, we find a separate series of posttrematic profundal visceral rami. Pharyngeal rami of all branchial nerves contribute to Jacobson's anastomosis. We provide a detailed description of the lateral-line innervation and describe a new ramus of the middle lateral-line nerve (ramus suprabranchialis). We confirm the presence of a first spinal nerve and its contribution to the hypoglossal nerve in D. pictus tadpoles.
我们使用整装免疫组织化学方法研究了斑背蟾蜍早期蝌蚪的外周神经系统。对肌肉和神经进行双重标记，使我们能够确定由三叉神经、面神经、舌咽神经、迷走神经和舌下神经支配的所有颅部肌肉的神经支配情况。还评估了内脏、皮肤和侧线神经支配的大体解剖模式。内脏弓的大多数肌肉仅由相应鳃弓神经的震颤后支供应，唯一的例外是一些腹侧肌肉（下颌间肌、舌骨间肌和弓下直肌）。在下颌弓中，三叉神经运动小支的模式以浓缩形式预示了成体模式，但舌骨弓的肌肉由面神经小支支配，其模式与变态后的青蛙不同。关于鳃弓神经，斑背蟾蜍没有其他颌口类动物典型的震颤前内脏支。相反，我们发现了一系列独立的震颤后深部内脏支。所有鳃神经的咽支都参与了雅各布森吻合。我们详细描述了侧线神经支配，并描述了中侧线神经的一个新分支（鳃上支）。我们证实了斑背蟾蜍蝌蚪中第一对脊神经的存在及其对舌下神经的贡献。
