Yoshihara N
AIDS Research Center, National Institute of Health.
Nihon Rinsho. 1995 Sep;53(9):2277-82.
The assay used most widely to detect or diagnose virus infection, especially infection of blood borne viruses e.g. HBV, HCV, HIV and HTLV, is the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), whose sensitivity and practicability have rendered it the most common primary screening assay. ELISA can be mass screening used automatic or semiautomatic machines. ELISAs can be indirect assay, competition assays or sandwich assays. In indirect and sandwich assays, the development of color indicates the presence of antigen or antibody, whereas in competition assays the absence of color development signifies a positive reaction. Alkaline phosphatase and horseradish peroxidase the most commonly used enzymes, are associated with their respective substrates, usually p-nitro-phenyl phosphate and hydrogen peroxide. The ELISA for antigen detection is used polyclonal antibody or monoclonal antibodies. The other hand, the ELISA for antibody screening is used whole virus, synthetic peptides or recombinant antigens.
用于检测或诊断病毒感染，尤其是血源病毒（如乙肝病毒、丙肝病毒、艾滋病毒和人类嗜T淋巴细胞病毒）感染的最广泛使用的检测方法是酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA），其灵敏度和实用性使其成为最常见的初步筛查检测方法。ELISA可使用自动或半自动机器进行大规模筛查。ELISA可分为间接测定、竞争测定或夹心测定。在间接和夹心测定中，显色表明存在抗原或抗体，而在竞争测定中，不显色则表示阳性反应。碱性磷酸酶和辣根过氧化物酶是最常用的酶，它们与各自的底物相关，通常是对硝基苯磷酸酯和过氧化氢。用于抗原检测的ELISA使用多克隆抗体或单克隆抗体。另一方面，用于抗体筛查的ELISA使用全病毒、合成肽或重组抗原。
