[Effects of smoking and coffee consumption on indicators of arterial pressure in 24-hour monitoring].

27 essential hypertensives were included in the study to evaluate the influence of cigarette smoking and coffee drinking on 24-hour blood pressure and its variability. The patients were untreated with antihypertensive drugs for at least 4 weeks. All the patients were coffee drinkers (4-5 cups a day) and cigarette smokers (during 25.2 +/- 7.4 years before study and about 10-20 times a day during last year). 24-hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) was performed 3 times a week at one-day intervals. During the first and third ABPM the amount of coffee and cigarettes as well as schedule of both were equal, during the 2nd ABPM-smoking and coffee were prohibited. There were no significant differences between mean BP values and variability during the 1st and 3d ABPM. Variability of 24-h and daytime systolic blood pressure (SBP) was higher in the 1st--and 3d vs. 2nd ABPM. The 2nd ABPM revealed a significant SBP decrease at daytime (152.5 +/- 9.2 mm Hg vs. 147.2 +/- 8.9 mm Hg, p < 0.05) without changes in nighttime as well as in the whole 24-h period. Values of diastolic BP did not change. The results suggest that cigarette smoking and coffee drinking increase mean daytime and overall 24-hour SBP values and variability as well as heart rate, while diastolic BP is more stable.