Microdialysis as a tool to measure dietary and regional effects on the complete profile of extracellular amino acids in the hypothalamus of rats.

Regional and dietary-induced changes in hypothalamic extracellular amino acid concentrations were examined. Microdialysis probes were simultaneously implanted in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and the lateral hypothalamus (LH) of anesthetized rats and perfused at a rate of 2 microliters/min. Dialysates were collected every 20 min for 1 h prior to gavage of a balanced amino acid mixture (0.85 g patterned after 1 g of chicken egg albumin) and then every 20 min for 3 h after treatment. Tail vein blood samples were also collected. Marked changes in plasma levels of most amino acids were evident immediately following the amino acid gavage. In the PVN, concentrations of isoleucine, leucine, methionine and valine all increased within 40 min, whereas significant decreases in glutamine, histidine and taurine were observed in the LH. In a separate study, PVN extracellular amino acid concentrations were examined in awake, freely-behaving rats following gavage of equicaloric loads of a balanced amino acid mixture, glucose (0.89 g) or water. Dialysate levels of glutamate, isoleucine, leucine, methionine, threonine, tyrosine and valine showed reliable increases after amino acid treatment, although the overall time course of these effects differed somewhat. The amino acid profile of the PVN was, in general, unaffected by glucose administration. These findings suggest that specific brain regions may respond uniquely to amino acid ingestion and further imply that dietary composition may influence the amino acid profiles of the extracellular fluid in brain.