Dietary cholesterol and fat saturation effects on plasma esterified and unesterified cholesterol in selected lines of Japanese quail females.

Three lines of Japanese quail females, randombred controls (CL), high response (HL), and low response (LL) lines, selected for plasma total cholesterol for 18 generations, were fed all-plant-source, nonatherogenic diets to which 0 or .5% cholesterol were added from 6 to 18 wk of age. In all three lines, plasma cholesterol increased when cholesterol was fed; however, responses were greater in the HL than in the LL line, with CL intermediate. In a second experiment, females of the three lines were fed, from 6 to 14 wk of age, four isocaloric, isonitrogenous plant-source diets to which were added: 1) 10% glucose monohydrate (cerelose); 2) 10% cerelose + .1% cholesterol; 3) 4% corn oil; or 4) 4% coconut oil. Baseline data obtained before feeding experimental diets indicated that the HL had significantly higher plasma total, esterified (EC) and unesterified (UEC) cholesterol than LL and that nonovulating females had higher concentrations of esterified cholesterol than ovulating females. Diets used did not affect cholesterol fractions in the ovulating females, although there were significant differences among lines. Dietary cholesterol significantly increased the ratio of EC to UEC. Sclerotic lesion scores were higher in the HL than the LL birds and in birds fed the coconut oil diet.