Yuan Y V, Kitts D D, Godin D V
Department of Food Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Br J Nutr. 1998 Jul;80(1):89-100. doi: 10.1017/s0007114598001810.
Increasing the energy value of diets with dietary fat, particularly fats rich in saturated fatty acids, can result in the elevation of plasma total and lipoprotein cholesterol. In the present study, experimental diets were designed to examine the effects of increasing the energy content of diets with a saturated fat source and cholesterol in a non-purified diet on hyperlipoproteinaemia and aortic plaque composition in the atherosclerosis-susceptible Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica) model of human atherosclerosis. Commercial poultry diets containing two levels (i.e. 60 or 120 g/kg) of beef tallow as the primary source of saturated fat were balanced for endogenous cholesterol or supplemented with cholesterol (i.e. 0.5 or 5.0 g/kg) and fed to quail for 9 weeks to examine the effects on whole plasma, lipoprotein and aortic plaque lipid composition in relation to aortic plaque formation. Hypercholesterolaemia (P < 0.001) was confirmed in birds fed on high-cholesterol (HC) diets only. An interaction (P = 0.05) between dietary cholesterol and fat intake level was observed for plasma triacylglycerols (TG) and was specific to changes observed in VLDL composition. Diet-induced changes in lipoprotein total cholesterol, TG and phospholipid composition were greatest in the portomicron and VLDL fractions in birds fed on atherogenic diets. Hyperlipoproteinaemia induced by the 60 g/kg added beef tallow-HC diet resulted in significant (P < 0.001) aortic plaque deposition, which was further enhanced in birds fed on the 120 g/kg beef tallow-HC diet. Quail fed on 120 g/kg beef tallow-HC diets exhibited the most severe aortic plaque formation, with marked increases in aortic tissue cholesterol content and quantifiable amounts of several cholesterol oxides (5,6 alpha-epoxy-5 alpha-cholesterol, 7 beta-hydroxycholesterol, cholestanetriol, 7-ketocholesterol and 25-hydroxycholesterol). In summary, hyperlipoproteinaemia associated with HC diets with a greater proportion of energy from saturated fat produced a combined effect in altering plasma and lipoprotein lipid composition as well as aortic tissue cholesterol and cholesterol oxide content in the Japanese quail.
用膳食脂肪，特别是富含饱和脂肪酸的脂肪来提高饮食的能量值，会导致血浆总胆固醇和脂蛋白胆固醇升高。在本研究中，设计了实验性饮食，以研究在非纯化饮食中增加饱和脂肪来源和胆固醇的饮食能量含量对易患动脉粥样硬化的日本鹌鹑（Coturnix japonica）模型中的高脂蛋白血症和主动脉斑块成分的影响，该模型模拟人类动脉粥样硬化。以含有两个水平（即60或120克/千克）牛脂作为饱和脂肪主要来源的商业家禽饲料，使其内源性胆固醇达到平衡或补充胆固醇（即0.5或5.0克/千克），并喂给鹌鹑9周，以研究其对全血浆、脂蛋白和主动脉斑块脂质成分以及主动脉斑块形成的影响。仅在喂食高胆固醇（HC）饮食的鸟类中证实了高胆固醇血症（P < 0.001）。观察到血浆三酰甘油（TG）的膳食胆固醇和脂肪摄入水平之间存在相互作用（P = 0.05），并且该相互作用特定于极低密度脂蛋白（VLDL）成分中观察到的变化。在喂食致动脉粥样硬化饮食的鸟类中，饮食诱导的脂蛋白总胆固醇、TG和磷脂成分的变化在前β-脂蛋白和VLDL组分中最为显著。由添加60克/千克牛脂-HC饮食诱导的高脂蛋白血症导致显著的（P < 0.001）主动脉斑块沉积，在喂食120克/千克牛脂-HC饮食的鸟类中进一步增强。喂食120克/千克牛脂-HC饮食的鹌鹑表现出最严重的主动脉斑块形成，主动脉组织胆固醇含量显著增加，并且几种胆固醇氧化物（5,6α-环氧-5α-胆固醇、7β-羟基胆固醇、胆甾三醇、7-酮胆固醇和25-羟基胆固醇）的含量可量化。总之，与来自饱和脂肪的能量比例更高的HC饮食相关的高脂蛋白血症在改变日本鹌鹑的血浆和脂蛋白脂质成分以及主动脉组织胆固醇和胆固醇氧化物含量方面产生了综合作用。
