Levinson S E, Fallside F
AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, USA.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1995 Oct 24;92(22):10038-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.92.22.10038.
This paper introduces the session "Technology in the Year 2001" and is the first of four papers dealing with the future of human-machine communication by voice. In looking to the future it is important to recognize both the difficulties of technological forecasting and the frailties of the technology as it exists today--frailties that are manifestations of our limited scientific understanding of human cognition. The technology to realize truly advanced applications does not yet exist and cannot be supported by our presently incomplete science of speech. To achieve this long-term goal, the authors advocate a fundamental research program using a cybernetic approach substantially different from more conventional synthetic approaches. In a cybernetic approach, feedback control systems will allow a machine to adapt to a linguistically rich environment using reinforcement learning.
本文介绍了“2001年的技术”这一专题研讨会，是关于语音人机通信未来的四篇论文中的第一篇。展望未来，重要的是要认识到技术预测的困难以及当前技术存在的脆弱性——这些脆弱性是我们对人类认知的科学理解有限的表现。实现真正先进应用的技术尚未存在，且目前不完整的语音科学也无法支持。为实现这一长期目标，作者倡导采用一种控制论方法的基础研究计划，该方法与更传统的综合方法有很大不同。在控制论方法中，反馈控制系统将使机器能够利用强化学习适应语言丰富的环境。
