Favero M S, Bolyard E A
Hospital Environment Laboratory Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Surg Clin North Am. 1995 Dec;75(6):1071-89. doi: 10.1016/s0039-6109(16)46782-4.
Bloodborne pathogens are transmitted from person to person by sexual contact and by injection of drugs and, in health-care settings, by needlesticks and, in the case of HBV, by mucous membrane exposure. Conventional disinfection and sterilization and housekeeping strategies are sufficient for the environmental control of bloodborne viruses. Environmentally mediated infection transmission of bloodborne viruses is unlikely and only HBV, because of the extraordinarily high viral concentration in blood, is thought to have a real potential for such transmission. No epidemiologic or laboratory data support the hypothesis that surgeons or other health care workers are at increased risk of infection by bloodborne pathogens. Although theoretically possible, airborne transmission does not appear likely. Studies that claim to show the potential for airborne transmission of bloodborne pathogens ignore the basic principles of aerobiology and the requirements for proving environmental transmission.
血源性病原体通过性接触、注射毒品在人与人之间传播，在医疗环境中，可通过针刺传播，对于乙肝病毒，还可通过黏膜暴露传播。常规的消毒、灭菌及清洁策略足以对血源性病原体进行环境控制。血源性病原体通过环境介导的感染传播不太可能发生，只有乙肝病毒由于血液中病毒浓度极高，被认为具有这种传播的真正可能性。没有流行病学或实验室数据支持外科医生或其他医护人员感染血源性病原体风险增加这一假设。虽然理论上有可能，但空气传播似乎不太可能。声称显示血源性病原体有空气传播可能性的研究忽略了空气生物学的基本原则以及证明环境传播的要求。
