Giesy J P, Bowerman W W, Mora M A, Verbrugge D A, Othoudt R A, Newsted J L, Summer C L, Aulerich R J, Bursian S J, Ludwig J P
Department of Fisheries & Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824-1222, USA.
Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 1995 Oct;29(3):309-21. doi: 10.1007/BF00212495.
Recently, there have been discussions of the relative merits of passage of fishes around hydroelectric dams on three rivers (Au Sable, Manistee, and Muskegon) in Michigan. A hazard assessment was conducted to determine the potential for adverse effects on bald eagles that could consume such fishes from above and below dams on the three primary rivers. The hazard assessments were verified by comparing the reproductive productivities of eagles nesting in areas where they ate primarily fish from either above or below dams on the three primary rivers, as well as on two additional rivers in Michigan, the Menominee and Thunder Bay. Concentrations of organochlorine insecticides (OCI), polychlorinated biphenyls (total PCBs), 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TCDD-EQ), and total mercury (Hg) were measured in composite samples of fishes from above and below hydroelectric dams on the Manistee and Muskegon Rivers, which flow into Lake Michigan, and the Au Sable River, which flows into Lake Huron. Mean concentrations of OCI, total PCBs, and TCDD-EQ were all greater in fishes from below the dams than in those from above. The hazard assessment indicated that current concentrations of Hg and OCI other than DDT (DDT+DDE+DDD) in fish from neither above nor below dams would present a significant hazard to bald eagles (Haliaeetus leucocephalus). Both total PCBs and TCDD-EQ in fishes from below the dams currently present a significant hazard to bald eagles, since their mean hazard quotients (HQ) were all greater than one.
最近，人们对密歇根州三条河流（奥萨布尔河、马尼斯特河和马斯基根河）上的水电大坝周围鱼类的洄游的相对优点进行了讨论。进行了一项危害评估，以确定食用这些河流大坝上下游鱼类的白头海雕受到不利影响的可能性。通过比较在主要三条河流大坝上下游以鱼类为主要食物来源的地区筑巢的白头海雕的繁殖生产力，以及密歇根州另外两条河流（梅诺米尼河和桑德湾）上的白头海雕的繁殖生产力，对危害评估进行了验证。在流入密歇根湖的马尼斯特河和马斯基根河以及流入休伦湖的奥萨布尔河的水电大坝上下游的鱼类混合样本中，测量了有机氯杀虫剂（OCI）、多氯联苯（总多氯联苯）、2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并对二恶英当量（TCDD-EQ）和总汞（Hg）的浓度。大坝下游鱼类中的OCI、总多氯联苯和TCDD-EQ的平均浓度均高于大坝上游鱼类。危害评估表明，目前大坝上下游鱼类中的汞以及除滴滴涕（滴滴涕+滴滴伊+滴滴滴）之外的OCI浓度，均不会对白头海雕（Haliaeetus leucocephalus）构成重大危害。大坝下游鱼类中的总多氯联苯和TCDD-EQ目前对白头海雕构成重大危害，因为它们的平均危害商（HQ）均大于1。
