Arria A M, Wood N P, Anthony J C
Department of Mental Hygiene, School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md, USA.
Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 1995 Dec;149(12):1345-50. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1995.02170250051008.
To characterize the prevalence of weapon carrying in an epidemiologic sample of about 1500 urban schoolchildren between spring 1989 and spring 1993.
A descriptive analysis based on 5 years of cross-sectional confidential survey data.
An urban public school system in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States.
The study base included all children who were interviewed in each year from 1989 to 1993, disregarding the number of prior or subsequent interviews. The mean age of the participants in the sample was 9 years when the survey began.
Carrying a nonlethal or lethal weapon (eg, a stick, knife, or gun) to defend or to threaten or hurt someone, assessed by self-report. Reports of interpersonal aggression also were obtained.
Knife and gun carrying increased with age while stick carrying decreased. In 1989, carrying a lethal weapon (eg, knife or gun) was reported by 11.7% of boys and 3.3% of girls; in 1993, these proportions had increased to 22.2% and 15.3%, respectively. Gun carrying increased over time; by 1993, 9.9% of boys and 1.4% of girls reported that they had carried a gun in the previous year. Carrying a weapon to defend or protect oneself was more commonly reported than to hurt or threaten someone. Various types of interpersonal aggression were frequently reported among boys and girls in each year. Our findings support the hypothesis that early involvement with a weapon is associated with later more serious involvement with a weapon.
Involvement in weapons-related behavior starts young, well before the middle school year. Effective intervention programs may require attention to the early determinants of involvement with weapons, sex differences, and perhaps also the changing profile of reasons given for carrying and using weapons in conjunction with other forms of aggressive behaviors.
描述1989年春至1993年春约1500名城市学童的流行病学样本中携带武器的情况。
基于5年横断面保密调查数据的描述性分析。
美国大西洋中部地区的一个城市公立学校系统。
研究对象包括1989年至1993年每年接受访谈的所有儿童，不考虑之前或之后的访谈次数。调查开始时，样本中参与者的平均年龄为9岁。
通过自我报告评估携带非致命或致命武器（如棍棒、刀具或枪支）以自卫、威胁或伤害他人的情况。还获取了人际攻击行为的报告。
携带刀具和枪支的情况随年龄增长而增加，而携带棍棒的情况则减少。1989年，11.7%的男孩和3.3%的女孩报告携带致命武器（如刀具或枪支）；1993年，这些比例分别增至22.2%和15.3%。携带枪支的情况随时间增加；到1993年，9.9%的男孩和1.4%的女孩报告前一年曾携带枪支。报告携带武器用于自卫或保护自己的情况比用于伤害或威胁他人更为常见。每年男孩和女孩中都频繁报告各种类型的人际攻击行为。我们的研究结果支持这样的假设，即早期接触武器与后期更严重地卷入武器相关行为有关。
卷入与武器相关的行为始于幼年，远在中学阶段之前。有效的干预项目可能需要关注卷入武器相关行为的早期决定因素、性别差异，或许还需要关注携带和使用武器的原因与其他攻击行为形式相结合的变化情况。
