Warner D L, Cabaret J, Velling D
University of Southern California-Los Angeles County Medical Center, Department of Anesthesiology 90033, USA.
Paediatr Anaesth. 1995;5(5):293-5. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.1995.tb00307.x.
Healthy children, 1.5 to seven years old, were divided into three groups of 20 each. Group 1 received midazolam 0.5 mg.kg-1, Group 2, ketamine 6 mg.kg-1 and Group 3 a mixture of midazolam 0.4 mg.kg-1 + ketamine 4 mg.kg-1. Each dose was mixed with atropine 0.02 mg.kg-1 plus an equal volume of cherry syrup and was given orally 20 to 30 min prior to surgery. A grade of 1 (asleep, difficult to arouse), 2 (asleep, easily aroused), 3 (awake, calm), 4 (awake, anxious, occasional cry), or 5 (crying, agitated), was assigned at the time of parental separation and again when mask induction was begun. A grade of 1-3 was considered successful. For parental separation, the mixture of ketamine+midazolam was 100% successful, ketamine 90% and midazolam 75%. Successful mask induction for the mixture of ketamine+midazolam was 85%, midazolam 65% and ketamine 42%. This study indicates that a mixture of ketamine+midazolam is the most effective.
1.5至7岁的健康儿童被分成三组，每组20人。第一组接受0.5毫克/千克的咪达唑仑，第二组接受6毫克/千克的氯胺酮，第三组接受0.4毫克/千克的咪达唑仑+4毫克/千克氯胺酮的混合物。每种剂量都与0.02毫克/千克的阿托品以及等量的樱桃糖浆混合，并在手术前20至30分钟口服。在父母离开时以及开始面罩诱导时，评定等级为1（入睡，难以唤醒）、2（入睡，容易唤醒）、3（清醒，平静）、4（清醒，焦虑，偶尔哭泣）或5（哭泣，烦躁）。评定等级为1至3被视为成功。对于父母离开时的情况，氯胺酮+咪达唑仑的混合物成功率为100%，氯胺酮为90%，咪达唑仑为75%。氯胺酮+咪达唑仑混合物面罩诱导成功的比例为85%，咪达唑仑为65%，氯胺酮为42%。本研究表明，氯胺酮+咪达唑仑的混合物最为有效。
