Williams C L, Bollella M, Wynder E L
Child Health Center, American Health Foundation, Valhalla, NY, USA.
Pediatrics. 1995 Nov;96(5 Pt 2):985-8.
The consumption of dietary fiber in childhood is associated with important health benefits, especially with respect to promoting normal laxation. Dietary fiber also may help reduce the future risk of cardiovascular disease, some cancers, and adult-onset diabetes. At present, there are few specific guidelines for dietary fiber intake in childhood. Our goals were to review the benefits and risks of dietary fiber in childhood and to propose a safe and effective quantitative recommendation for the US pediatric population.
Current intake of dietary fiber in childhood was reviewed, including data from the US Department of Agriculture Nationwide Food Consumption (1987-1988) and National Health and Nutrition Examination II (1976-1980) Survey. Current intake was compared with existing fiber recommendations, including the 0.5-g/kg guideline proposed by the American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition. Recommended fiber intake was reviewed with respect to levels required for specific health benefits, as well as levels that may result in adverse health effects.
A new recommendation for dietary fiber intake was developed, based on the age of the child, health benefits, and safety concerns. We recommended that children older than 2 years of age consume a minimal amount of dietary fiber equivalent to age plus 5 g/d. A safe range of dietary fiber intake for children is suggested to be between age plus 5 and age plus 10 g/d. This range of dietary fiber intake is thought to be safe even if intake of some vitamins and minerals is marginal, should provide enough fiber for normal laxation, and may help prevent future chronic disease.
儿童时期膳食纤维的摄入对健康有重要益处，尤其是在促进正常排便方面。膳食纤维还可能有助于降低未来患心血管疾病、某些癌症和成人发病型糖尿病的风险。目前，针对儿童膳食纤维摄入量的具体指南较少。我们的目标是回顾儿童膳食纤维的益处和风险，并为美国儿科人群提出安全有效的定量建议。
回顾了儿童时期膳食纤维的当前摄入量，包括来自美国农业部全国食物消费调查（1987 - 1988年）和第二次全国健康与营养检查调查（1976 - 1980年）的数据。将当前摄入量与现有的膳食纤维建议进行比较，包括美国儿科学会营养委员会提出的0.5克/千克的指南。根据特定健康益处所需的水平以及可能导致不良健康影响的水平，对推荐的膳食纤维摄入量进行了审查。
根据儿童年龄、健康益处和安全问题，制定了一项新的膳食纤维摄入量建议。我们建议2岁以上的儿童摄入相当于年龄加5克/天的最低膳食纤维量。建议儿童膳食纤维的安全摄入量范围为年龄加5至年龄加10克/天。即使某些维生素和矿物质的摄入量处于边缘水平，这个膳食纤维摄入量范围也被认为是安全的，应该能为正常排便提供足够的纤维，并可能有助于预防未来的慢性病。
