Pliner P, Eng A, Krishnan K
Department of Psychology, Erindale College, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada.
Appetite. 1995 Aug;25(1):77-87. doi: 10.1006/appe.1995.0042.
We examined the effects of hunger and fear on food neophobia in humans. Subjects came to the experiment five or more hours food-deprived (high hunger) or two or less hours food-deprived (low hunger) and were assigned either to give a speech (high fear) or to listen to a speech (low fear). All subjects were then given the task of selecting for tasting one member of each of ten pairs of foods, each pair consisting of one novel and one familiar food. The number of novel foods chosen was the measure of food neophobia (with fewer choices indicative of greater neophobia). The results indicated that subjects were least neophobic in the low fear-low hunger condition and were tentatively interpreted in terms of Hull's (1943) theory of behavior. That is, it was assumed that fear and hunger summated to produce different levels of drive in the various conditions, which combined with responses of different habit strength (the tendency to approach novel stimuli and the tendency to approach familiar stimuli) to produce the results obtained.
我们研究了饥饿和恐惧对人类食物新恐惧症的影响。受试者在食物剥夺五小时或更长时间（高饥饿）或两小时或更短时间（低饥饿）后来到实验室，并被分配去发表演讲（高恐惧）或听演讲（低恐惧）。然后，所有受试者都要完成一项任务，即从十对食物中各选择一种进行品尝，每对食物由一种新食物和一种熟悉的食物组成。选择新食物的数量作为食物新恐惧症的衡量指标（选择越少表明新恐惧症越强）。结果表明，在低恐惧 - 低饥饿条件下，受试者的新恐惧症程度最低，这一结果初步根据赫尔（1943）的行为理论进行了解释。也就是说，假设恐惧和饥饿相互叠加，在不同条件下产生不同程度的驱力，这些驱力与不同习惯强度的反应（接近新刺激的倾向和接近熟悉刺激的倾向）相结合，从而产生了所得到的结果。
