Bennell K L, Malcolm S A, Thomas S A, Ebeling P R, McCrory P R, Wark J D, Brukner P D
La Trobe University, School of Human Biosciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Victoria, Australia.
Clin J Sport Med. 1995 Oct;5(4):229-35. doi: 10.1097/00042752-199510000-00004.
The incidence and nature of stress fractures and the relationship of potential risk factors to stress-fracture history were investigated retrospectively in a group of 53 female competitive track-and-field athletes. Forty-five stress fractures, diagnosed by clinical findings and bone scan, radiograph, or CT scan, were reported in 22 women. Tibial fractures were the most common (33%). There was no significant difference in bone mineral density at the lumbar spine and tibia/fibula or in percentage body fat and total lean mass when comparing the groups with and without a stress-fracture history. Athletes with a past stress fracture were significantly older at menarche and were more likely to have experienced a history of menstrual disturbance (p < 0.05). Analysis of dietary behavior found that athletes with stress fractures scored significantly higher on the EAT-40 test and were more likely to engage in restrictive eating patterns and dieting. Multiple logistic regression showed that athletes with a history of oligomenorrhea were six times more likely to have sustained a stress fracture in the past, while those who were careful about their weight were eight times more likely. Prevention and treatment of stress fractures in female athletes should include a thorough assessment of menstrual characteristics and dietary patterns.
对一组53名女性竞技田径运动员进行了回顾性研究，以调查应力性骨折的发生率和性质，以及潜在风险因素与应力性骨折病史之间的关系。通过临床检查以及骨扫描、X光片或CT扫描确诊，22名女性报告了45例应力性骨折。胫骨骨折最为常见（33%）。在比较有和没有应力性骨折病史的两组时，腰椎、胫骨/腓骨的骨密度、体脂百分比和总瘦体重没有显著差异。有既往应力性骨折的运动员初潮年龄显著更大，且更有可能有月经紊乱史（p<0.05）。对饮食行为的分析发现，有应力性骨折的运动员在EAT-40测试中的得分显著更高，且更有可能采取限制性饮食模式和节食。多因素逻辑回归显示，有月经过少病史的运动员过去发生应力性骨折的可能性是其他人的6倍，而那些关注体重的运动员则是8倍。女性运动员应力性骨折的预防和治疗应包括对月经特征和饮食模式的全面评估。
