Bruck M, Ceci S J, Francoeur E, Barr R
Psychology Department, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
Child Dev. 1995 Feb;66(1):193-208. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1995.tb00865.x.
We examined, in 2 phases, the influence of postevent suggestions on children's reports of their visits to a pediatrician. Phase 1 examined the effect of giving one of 3 types of feedback to 5-year-old children immediately following their Diphtheria Pertussis Tetanus (DPT) inoculation. Children were given pain-affirming feedback (the shot hurt), pain-denying feedback (the shot did not hurt), or neutral feedback (the shot is over). 1 week later, they did not differ in their reports concerning how much the shot hurt or how much they cried. In Phase 2, the same children were visited approximately 1 year after their inoculation. During 3 separate visits, they were either given additional pain-denying or neutral feedback. They were also given misleading or nonmisleading information about the actions of the pediatrician and the assistant. Children given pain-denying feedback reported that they cried less and that the shot hurt less than did children given neutral feedback. Those who were given misleading information about the actions of the assistant and the pediatrician made more false allegations about their actions than did children who were not given this information. These results challenge the view that suggestibility effects are confined to peripheral, nonaction events; in this study children's reports about salient actions involving their own bodies in stressful conditions were influenced.
我们分两个阶段研究了事后暗示对儿童关于看儿科医生经历报告的影响。第一阶段考察了在5岁儿童接种白喉、百日咳、破伤风（DPT）疫苗后立即给予三种反馈中的一种所产生的效果。给儿童的反馈分别是肯定疼痛的反馈（打针疼）、否定疼痛的反馈（打针不疼）或中性反馈（打针结束了）。一周后，他们在关于打针有多疼或哭了多少的报告中没有差异。在第二阶段，对接种疫苗约一年后的同一批儿童进行了回访。在三次单独的回访中，要么给他们额外的否定疼痛或中性反馈。还向他们提供了关于儿科医生和助手行为的误导性或非误导性信息。得到否定疼痛反馈的儿童报告说，他们哭得比得到中性反馈的儿童少，打针也没那么疼。那些得到关于助手和儿科医生行为的误导性信息的儿童，比没有得到这些信息的儿童对他们的行为做出了更多虚假指控。这些结果挑战了这样一种观点，即暗示性影响仅限于外围的、非行为事件；在这项研究中，儿童在压力情境下关于涉及自己身体的显著行为的报告受到了影响。
