Braun C C, Silver N C
Department of Psychology, University of Idaho, Moscow 83844-3043, USA.
Ergonomics. 1995 Nov;38(11):2207-20. doi: 10.1080/00140139508925263.
Previous research has examined the connoted hazard of various colour and signal words separately. The purpose of the present research was to examine the interaction of signal words and colours. Two separate experiments examined the influence of colour on perceptions of hazard and on compliance to printed warnings. In experiment 1, a sample of 30 undergraduates rated the perceived hazard of signal words printed in specific hazard colours. Results indicated that the level of hazard varied as a function of the signal word and the colour in which it was presented. Of the colours used, red conveyed the highest level of perceived hazard followed by orange, black, green and blue. More importantly, it was noted that a signal word such as DEADLY connoted less hazard when printed in green than in red ink. Experiment 2 examined the effect of colour on compliance with printed warnings. Sixty-five undergraduates interacted with a pool-water test kit and a two-part adhesive. The warning on each product was factorial for colour (i.e. red, green and black). Behavioural compliance was assessed by indicating if subjects donned protective gloves as directed by the warning. The data indicated that warnings printed in red resulted in a higher proportion of compliant behaviour than green and black combined. Implications for warning design are discussed.
先前的研究分别考察了各种颜色和警示语所隐含的风险。本研究的目的是考察警示语和颜色之间的相互作用。两项独立实验考察了颜色对风险认知以及对印刷警告的遵守情况的影响。在实验1中，30名本科生对印在特定危险颜色中的警示语的感知风险进行了评分。结果表明，风险水平随警示语及其呈现颜色的不同而变化。在所使用的颜色中，红色传达的感知风险水平最高，其次是橙色、黑色、绿色和蓝色。更重要的是，人们注意到，像“致命”这样的警示语用绿色印刷时所隐含的风险比用红色墨水印刷时要小。实验2考察了颜色对遵守印刷警告的影响。65名本科生与一个泳池水质检测试剂盒和一种双组分粘合剂进行了互动。每个产品上的警告在颜色方面是析因的（即红色、绿色和黑色）。通过表明受试者是否按照警告指示戴上防护手套来评估行为依从性。数据表明，用红色印刷的警告导致的依从行为比例高于绿色和黑色警告的总和。文中讨论了对警告设计的启示。
