Ippolito G, Sagliocca L, D'Ubaldo C, Ruggiero A, Fabozzi O C, De Masi S, Petrosillo N
Centro di Riferimento AIDS, Ospedale Lazzaro, Spallanzani, Roma.
Epidemiol Prev. 1995 Sep;19(64):276-81.
The risk of occupational infection by blood-borne pathogens has been well evaluated. However, a low perception of this risk among health care workers (HCWs) and a low compliance to infection control measures has been documented by several studies. During a meeting of gynecologists of Southern Italy, a survey of knowledge, attitudes and practices (K.A.P.) on HIV and other blood-borne viral infections was conducted among 143 obstetricians-gynecologists. 133 (93%) HCWs answered the questionnaire. 81% of them recalled almost one occupational exposure during their career and 54% almost two in the past year. Our data suggest a low knowledge about HIV and the other blood-borne viral infections and Universal Precautions (UP): only 16% of HCWs knew the rate of vertical transmission of HIV, less than 15% knew the rate of seroconversion after occupational exposure to HBV and HCV, and finally only 33% knew to which body fluids apply UP. Moreover, 93.7% of HCWs believed that HIV antibody screening of all patients is an effective strategy to reduce the risk of occupation HIV infection. More than 90% of gynecologists used to request HIV-antibodies to pregnant women, 21% after the first trimester. Although HCWs interviewed can not be considered representative of Italian gynecologists, our data suggest the need of an intensive training to increase gynecologists' knowledge about HIV, other blood-borne pathogens and the risk of occupational infections also in order to modify attitudes and practices.
血源性病原体职业感染的风险已得到充分评估。然而，多项研究表明，医护人员（HCWs）对这种风险的认知较低，且对感染控制措施的依从性也较低。在意大利南部妇科医生的一次会议上，对143名妇产科医生进行了关于艾滋病毒和其他血源病毒感染的知识、态度和行为（K.A.P.）调查。133名（93%）医护人员回答了问卷。其中81%的人回忆起在其职业生涯中几乎有过一次职业暴露，54%的人在过去一年中几乎有过两次。我们的数据表明，医护人员对艾滋病毒和其他血源病毒感染以及普遍预防措施（UP）的了解较少：只有16%的医护人员知道艾滋病毒的垂直传播率，不到15%的人知道职业暴露于乙肝病毒和丙肝病毒后的血清转化率，最后只有33%的人知道普遍预防措施适用于哪些体液。此外，93.7%的医护人员认为对所有患者进行艾滋病毒抗体筛查是降低职业性艾滋病毒感染风险的有效策略。超过90%的妇科医生过去常常要求对孕妇进行艾滋病毒抗体检测，21%的人在孕中期之后进行检测。尽管接受采访的医护人员不能被视为意大利妇科医生的代表，但我们的数据表明，需要进行强化培训，以增加妇科医生对艾滋病毒、其他血源性病原体和职业感染风险的了解，从而改变他们的态度和行为。
