Konoplev A V, Bulgakov A A, Popov V E, Popov O F, Scherbak A V, Hoffman F O
Institute of Experimental Meteorology, SPA Typhoon, Obninsk, Kaluga Region, Russia.
Health Phys. 1996 Jan;70(1):8-12. doi: 10.1097/00004032-199601000-00002.
The "Wash-off" scenario is designed to test models concerned with the movement of trace contaminants from terrestrial sources to bodies of water, specifically the contamination of surface water by wash-off of radionuclides initially deposited onto soils. Particular emphasis is placed on chemical speciation and on the geochemical and geophysical processes affecting transfer of contaminants from soil to water. The scenario gives descriptions of two experimental plots near the Chernobyl power plant, one using heavy rain and one using snow melt, together with characteristics of the initial aerial deposition of the radionuclides and data on topography, soil type and characteristics, and time-varying precipitation. Predictions are requested for (1) the vertical distribution of concentrations of exchangeable and nonexchangeable forms of 137Cs and 90Sr in the soil of the experimental plots, (2) concentrations of 137Cs and 90Sr in runoff water from the experimental plots, and (3) total amounts of 137Cs and 90Sr removed by runoff from the experimental plots. Test data (field measurements) are available for all endpoints.
“冲刷”情景旨在测试与微量污染物从陆源向水体迁移相关的模型，特别是最初沉积在土壤上的放射性核素通过冲刷对地表水造成的污染。重点关注化学形态以及影响污染物从土壤转移到水体的地球化学和地球物理过程。该情景描述了切尔诺贝利核电站附近的两个试验场地，一个使用暴雨条件，另一个使用融雪条件，同时给出了放射性核素初始大气沉降的特征以及地形、土壤类型和特性、随时间变化的降水量等数据。要求预测：(1)试验场地土壤中137Cs和90Sr可交换态与不可交换态浓度的垂直分布；(2)试验场地径流水中137Cs和90Sr的浓度；(3)试验场地径流带走的137Cs和90Sr总量。所有端点均有测试数据（实地测量数据）。
