Klerman L V, Phelan S T, Poole V L, Goldenberg R L
University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA.
J Am Med Womens Assoc (1972). 1995 Sep-Oct;50(5):147-51.
This nation's traditional approach to improving maternal and infant health has been prenatal care. But evidence is mounting that additional progress in reducing maternal and infant morbidity and mortality will depend, at least in part, on the care that a woman receives before she conceives. The studies reviewed in this paper indicate that increasing the interval between deliveries and preventing or delaying pregnancies among women at high risk could lower the rate of low birthweight (LBW). Since reducing the rate of unintended pregnancies would also reduce the number of pregnancies in women at high risk of LBW because of race, age, late or no prenatal care, and unhealthy behaviors, the prevention of unintended pregnancies would also reduce LBW. Unfortunately, prenatal care, as experienced by many women, devotes little attention to these family planning issues. Many women do not realize the importance of family planning to their own health and that of their children. Prenatal care providers should include instruction about the importance of pregnancy planning and encourage women to continue receiving health care between pregnancies. If the health of women and infants is to be improved, society must be willing to provide health services to women of reproductive age even when they are not pregnant.
这个国家改善母婴健康的传统方法一直是产前护理。但越来越多的证据表明，在降低母婴发病率和死亡率方面取得进一步进展，至少部分取决于女性在受孕前接受的护理。本文所综述的研究表明，增加分娩间隔以及预防或推迟高危女性怀孕，可以降低低体重儿（LBW）的发生率。由于减少意外怀孕的发生率也会减少因种族、年龄、产前护理过晚或没有产前护理以及不健康行为而面临低体重儿高风险的女性的怀孕数量，因此预防意外怀孕也会降低低体重儿的发生率。不幸的是，许多女性所体验到的产前护理很少关注这些计划生育问题。许多女性没有意识到计划生育对自身健康以及子女健康的重要性。产前护理提供者应包括关于怀孕计划重要性的指导，并鼓励女性在两次怀孕之间继续接受医疗保健。如果要改善妇女和婴儿的健康状况，社会必须愿意为育龄妇女提供医疗服务，即使她们没有怀孕。
