Reisman B
J Am Med Womens Assoc (1972). 1995 Sep-Oct;50(5):170-4.
The quality of child care for the majority of children in the United States is poor to mediocre. The lack of good quality child care has serious consequences for family stability, work force productivity, and child health and development. The medical community, especially pediatricians, family practitioners, nurses, and nurse practitioners, can play five key roles in helping to ensure that every child has a solid early foundation: 1) they can become trusted sources of support for parents, who are often isolated from their extended families and unsure about their new roles as parents; 2) they can give child care providers in the community information about health and safety practices; 3) they can provide preventive and diagnostic services to children in child care programs; 4) they can act as advocates for improved services to children and families; and 5) they can refer parents and siblings for care. This paper describes some of these efforts and calls for their replication in communities throughout the country. It also describes policies in other countries that have improved children's health and development and reduced child poverty and its related impact on health.
在美国，大多数儿童接受的托儿服务质量较差或一般。缺乏高质量的托儿服务会对家庭稳定、劳动力生产率以及儿童健康与发展产生严重影响。医学界，尤其是儿科医生、家庭医生、护士和执业护士，在帮助确保每个孩子都有坚实的早期基础方面可以发挥五个关键作用：1）他们可以成为家长值得信赖的支持来源，因为家长往往与大家庭隔绝，且对自己作为父母的新角色感到不确定；2）他们可以向社区内的托儿服务提供者提供有关健康和安全做法的信息；3）他们可以为参加托儿项目的儿童提供预防和诊断服务；4）他们可以充当改善儿童和家庭服务的倡导者；5）他们可以为家长和兄弟姐妹介绍相关护理。本文描述了其中一些努力，并呼吁在全国各社区推广。它还介绍了其他国家为改善儿童健康与发展、减少儿童贫困及其对健康的相关影响而制定的政策。
