Todaro A, Leonardi L M, Besi M, Faccini P, Sardella F, Menchinelli C, Gallozzi C
Department of Physiology and Biomechanics, Sport Science Institute, Rome, Italy.
J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 1995 Jun;35(2):114-23.
Hypoxaemia that is induced by physical exercise (EIH) in some athletes, who are however capable of enduring intense muscolar work, is a phenomenon that has been known for some time. However, assumptions such as alveolar hypoventilation, veno-arterial shunt, limitation of diffusion, or mismarch of the VA/Q ratio, have not to date been able to exhaustively explain this phenomenon. In this study five athletes displaying exercise-induced hypoxaemia were evaluated by increasing-load exercise tests, as proposed by other authors, and by means of intermittent tests with supermaximal exercise steps (130% VO2 max) with breaks for incomplete recovery (3 min). The fundamental fact arising from our study is that the intermittent tests did not bring about hypoxaemia in the tests subjects. Analysis of the ventilator and metabolic parameters, of the alveolar pressure of the O2, and of the partial pressures of the CO2 in the arterial blood, all measured during the two different types of muscular exercise, lead to the belief that the different distribution of the pulmonary blood flow, which has been documented in highly trained athletes, plays a very important role in inducing EIH.
在一些能够承受高强度肌肉运动的运动员中，由体育锻炼诱发的低氧血症（运动性低氧血症，EIH）是一种已为人知一段时间的现象。然而，诸如肺泡通气不足、静脉-动脉分流、弥散受限或通气/血流比值不匹配等假设，迄今为止都未能详尽地解释这一现象。在本研究中，按照其他作者提出的递增负荷运动试验，并通过采用超最大运动强度（130%最大摄氧量）的间歇性试验，中间穿插不完全恢复的休息时间（3分钟），对五名表现出运动性低氧血症的运动员进行了评估。我们研究得出的基本事实是，间歇性试验在受试对象中并未引发低氧血症。对在两种不同类型的肌肉运动期间所测量的通气和代谢参数、氧气的肺泡压力以及动脉血中二氧化碳的分压进行分析后，得出这样的看法：在训练有素的运动员中已得到证实的肺血流不同分布，在诱发运动性低氧血症方面起着非常重要的作用。
