Prefaut C, Durand F, Mucci P, Caillaud C
Clinical Physiology Department, Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Montpellier, France.
Sports Med. 2000 Jul;30(1):47-61. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200030010-00005.
During exercise, healthy individuals are able to maintain arterial oxygenation, whereas highly-trained endurance athletes may exhibit an exercise-induced arterial hypoxaemia (EIAH) that seems to reflect a gas exchange abnormality. The effects of EIAH are currently debated, and different hypotheses have been proposed to explain its pathophysiology. For moderate exercise, it appears that a relative hypoventilation induced by endurance training is involved. For high-intensity exercise, ventilation/perfusion (V(A)/Q) mismatching and/or diffusion limitation are thought to occur. The causes of this diffusion limitation are still under debate, with hypotheses being capillary blood volume changes and interstitial pulmonary oedema. Moreover, histamine is released during exercise in individuals exhibiting EIAH, and questions persist as to its relationship with EIAH and its contribution to interstitial pulmonary oedema. Further investigations are needed to better understand the mechanisms involved and to determine the long term consequences of repetitive hypoxaemia in highly trained endurance athletes.
在运动过程中，健康个体能够维持动脉氧合，而训练有素的耐力运动员可能会出现运动诱发的动脉低氧血症（EIAH），这似乎反映了气体交换异常。目前，EIAH的影响存在争议，并且已经提出了不同的假说来解释其病理生理学。对于中等强度运动，似乎耐力训练引起的相对通气不足起了作用。对于高强度运动，人们认为会发生通气/灌注（V(A)/Q）不匹配和/或弥散受限。这种弥散受限的原因仍在争论中，假说包括毛细血管血容量变化和间质性肺水肿。此外，在表现出EIAH的个体运动过程中会释放组胺，关于其与EIAH的关系及其对间质性肺水肿的作用仍存在疑问。需要进一步研究以更好地理解其中涉及的机制，并确定重复性低氧血症对训练有素的耐力运动员的长期影响。
