Pentreath V W, Baugh P J, Lavin D R
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Salford, United Kingdom.
Onderstepoort J Vet Res. 1994 Dec;61(4):369-77.
Chronic African trypanosomiasis is associated with progressive behavioural deficits, for which there is a complex underlying central nervous system (CNS) pathology. This has been extensively studied in man and a range of experimental animals. An initial meningitis, which can occur quite early in the infection, is followed by a breakdown of the choroid plexus, movement of the parasite into certain localized brain areas, and subsequent encephalitis. The encephalitis consists of a chronic, widespread inflammation with perivascular infiltrations of B-cells, plasma cells, inactivated T-cells and macrophages. The blood-brain barrier is damaged and a vasogenic oedema ensues. Astrocytes and microglia become reactive and the cytokine/mediator network is perturbed. The alterations in some of these signalling substances, e.g. the prostaglandins, may induce some of the behavioural changes, e.g. the hypersomnia. The immunopathology in the CNS may be brought about by elevated levels of active substances in the cerebrospinal fluid, caused by parasite infection.
慢性非洲锥虫病与进行性行为缺陷有关，其背后存在复杂的中枢神经系统（CNS）病理。这在人类和一系列实验动物中都得到了广泛研究。最初的脑膜炎可在感染早期发生，随后脉络丛受损，寄生虫进入某些特定的脑区，继而引发脑炎。脑炎表现为慢性、广泛的炎症，伴有B细胞、浆细胞、失活的T细胞和巨噬细胞的血管周围浸润。血脑屏障受损，继而出现血管源性水肿。星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞发生反应，细胞因子/介质网络受到干扰。这些信号物质中的一些改变，例如前列腺素，可能会引发一些行为变化，例如嗜睡。中枢神经系统中的免疫病理可能是由寄生虫感染导致的脑脊液中活性物质水平升高引起的。
