着丝粒：染色体活动的中心

The centromere: hub of chromosomal activities.

作者信息

Pluta A F, Mackay A M, Ainsztein A M, Goldberg I G, Earnshaw W C

机构信息

Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.

出版信息

Science. 1995 Dec 8;270(5242):1591-4. doi: 10.1126/science.270.5242.1591.

DOI:10.1126/science.270.5242.1591

PMID:7502067

Abstract

Centromeres are the structures that direct eukaryotic chromosome segregation in mitosis and meiosis. There are two major classes of centromeres. Point centromeres, found in the budding yeasts, are compact loci whose constituent proteins are now beginning to yield to biochemical analysis. Regional centromeres, best described in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, encompass many kilobases of DNA and are packaged into heterochromatin. Their associated proteins are as yet poorly understood. In addition to providing the site for microtubule attachment, centromeres also have an important role in checkpoint regulation during mitosis.

摘要

着丝粒是在有丝分裂和减数分裂过程中指导真核生物染色体分离的结构。着丝粒主要分为两大类。在芽殖酵母中发现的点着丝粒是紧凑的基因座，其组成蛋白现在已开始接受生化分析。区域着丝粒在裂殖酵母粟酒裂殖酵母中描述得最为清楚，它包含许多千碱基的DNA，并被包装成异染色质。其相关蛋白目前仍了解甚少。除了提供微管附着位点外，着丝粒在有丝分裂期间的检查点调节中也起着重要作用。