Probst R
Universitätsklinik für Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenkrankheiten, Kantonsspital Basel.
Ther Umsch. 1995 Nov;52(11):724-31.
The symptom of vertigo can be due to many different causes. Differential diagnosis will be discussed primarily from a neuro-otologic point of view. Vertigo can be thought of as a subjective disturbance of the integration of different sensory inputs. The history and subjective characterisation of vertigo often provide enough information for initial differential diagnosis and recommendation for a specific evaluation. The evaluation includes simple tests of posture and gait, tests of ocular motility, and examination of nystagmus. Instability and nystagmus towards a specific direction point to a vestibular disorder, especially if the nystagmus is suppressed by optical fixation. The most common causes of a vestibular disorder are benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), a sudden vestibular loss (or vestibular neuritis), and Ménière's disease. These three diseases are discussed briefly.
眩晕症状可能由许多不同原因引起。鉴别诊断将主要从神经耳科学角度进行讨论。眩晕可被视为不同感觉输入整合的主观障碍。眩晕的病史和主观特征通常为初步鉴别诊断及特定评估建议提供足够信息。评估包括简单的姿势和步态测试、眼球运动测试以及眼球震颤检查。向特定方向的不稳定和眼球震颤指向前庭疾病，尤其是当眼球震颤被视觉固定抑制时。前庭疾病最常见的病因是良性阵发性位置性眩晕（BPPV）、突发性前庭丧失（或前庭神经炎）和美尼尔氏病。这三种疾病将简要讨论。
