Theuring F
Kreiskrankenhaus Aschersleben, Abteilung Pathologie.
Verh Dtsch Ges Pathol. 1993;77:169-79.
In its first part the review deals with all known hyperplastic, metaplastic as well as dysplastic urothelial changes and discusses their possible preneoplastic nature. The various changes are classified as indirect, facultative and obligatory premalignant lesions. In its second part, the review considers the tumor-like growths. In particular, it focuses on the pseudotumorous effects of various urocystitis types, postoperative spindle cell pseudosarcoma, glandular and nephrogenic metaplasias, malakoplakia and some tissue heterotopias and malformations. In its last part, the review critically compares the classification principle of the urothelial neoplasias into low-risk and high-risk tumors with other tumor classifications (superficial carcinoma/low-grade and high-grade tumors). The significance of recent study results for assessing the risk of urothelial carcinomas is discussed.
该综述的第一部分论述了所有已知的增生性、化生以及发育异常的尿路上皮改变，并探讨了它们可能的癌前性质。各种改变被分类为间接性、兼性和强制性癌前病变。在第二部分，综述考虑了肿瘤样生长。特别关注了各种膀胱炎类型、术后梭形细胞假肉瘤、腺性和肾源性化生、软斑病以及一些组织异位和畸形的假肿瘤效应。在最后一部分，综述批判性地比较了尿路上皮肿瘤分为低风险和高风险肿瘤的分类原则与其他肿瘤分类（浅表性癌/低级别和高级别肿瘤）。讨论了近期研究结果对评估尿路上皮癌风险的意义。
