Björk T, Bjartell A, Abrahamsson P A, Hulkko S, di Sant'Agnese A, Lilja H
Department of Urology, Lund University, Malmö General Hospital, Sweden.
Urology. 1994 Apr;43(4):427-34. doi: 10.1016/0090-4295(94)90225-9.
To investigate the distribution and production of alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in benign hyperplastic and malignant prostatic tissue, respectively.
Using monoclonal anti-ACT and anti-PSA IgGs for immunocytochemistry and alkaline phosphatase conjugated 30-mer oligodeoxynucleotide probes for nonradioactive in situ hybridization, tissue specimens were studied from 15 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and from 9 patients with bladder cancer who underwent cystoprostatectomy. Cancer specimens were from 23 TURP patients and from ultrasound guided core biopsies in 14 patients. Prostate tumors were graded according to the Gleason system.
We found no or only occasional small foci of immunostaining for ACT, and no ACT transcripts in the PSA-producing epithelium in areas with benign nodular hyperplasia. By contrast, a high proportion of cells expressed both ACT and PSA in prostate cancers with low Gleason score, as detected by immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization. Poorly differentiated tumor cells manifested greater variation in immunostaining for both ACT and PSA. As compared to tumors of low Gleason score, high-score tumors less frequently manifested immunostaining for ACT than for PSA, and less frequently generated hybridization signals for both PSA and ACT transcripts.
A significantly higher proportion of serum PSA has been reported to be complexed to ACT in patients with prostate cancer than in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The presently reported lack of ACT production in PSA-containing BPH nodules may contribute to this by making conditions less optimal for complex formation between PSA and ACT. As opposed to this, production of both ACT and PSA in prostate cancers may enhance the complex formation between PSA and ACT.
分别研究α1-抗糜蛋白酶（ACT）和前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）在良性增生性和恶性前列腺组织中的分布及产生情况。
使用抗ACT和抗PSA单克隆免疫球蛋白进行免疫细胞化学检测，并用碱性磷酸酶偶联的30聚体寡脱氧核苷酸探针进行非放射性原位杂交，对15例经尿道前列腺电切术（TURP）后的良性前列腺增生患者以及9例行膀胱前列腺切除术的膀胱癌患者的组织标本进行研究。癌组织标本来自23例TURP患者以及14例经超声引导的穿刺活检患者。前列腺肿瘤根据Gleason系统进行分级。
在良性结节性增生区域，我们发现PSA产生上皮细胞中没有或仅有偶尔的小灶性ACT免疫染色，且没有ACT转录本。相比之下，通过免疫细胞化学和原位杂交检测发现，低Gleason评分的前列腺癌中有高比例的细胞同时表达ACT和PSA。低分化肿瘤细胞在ACT和PSA免疫染色方面表现出更大的差异。与低Gleason评分的肿瘤相比，高评分肿瘤中ACT免疫染色的频率低于PSA，且同时产生PSA和ACT转录本杂交信号的频率也更低。
据报道，前列腺癌患者血清中与ACT结合的PSA比例显著高于良性前列腺增生患者。目前报道的含PSA的良性前列腺增生结节中缺乏ACT产生，这可能导致PSA与ACT之间形成复合物的条件不太理想，从而造成这种差异。与此相反，前列腺癌中ACT和PSA的产生可能会增强PSA与ACT之间的复合物形成。
