Kojima T, Yamanaka T
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo University Branch Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo.
Nihon Sanka Fujinka Gakkai Zasshi. 1994 Jul;46(7):573-80.
Our purpose was to study the intrafamilial transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the mother-to-child transmission rate of HCV in babies born to HCV carrier mothers.
Anti-HCV antibody (anti-HCV) was tested for 2,528 consecutive pregnant women using an EIA first or second generation kit. Babies born to anti-HCV-positive mothers and their family members had their anti-HCV and HCV RNA checked. These babies were prospectively studied every 3 month till 1 year and therafter every 6 month.
1.19% of this population were positive for HCV. Eighteen of the 32 anti-HCV-positive pregnant women (56.3%) had HCV RNA. Six of 26 of their husbands (23.1%), 4 of 21 of their mothers (19.0%) and 6 of 11 of their fathers (54.5%) had anti-HCV, which were much higher prevalence rates than in the general population (p < 0.001). Two among 30 samples of cord blood from babies born to these pregnant women (6.7%) had HCV RNA. Among 29 children born to 18 HCV RNA-positive pregnant women, 4(13.8%) had HCV RNA, but none of 27 children born to 14 HCV RNA-negative pregnant women.
It is suggested that mother-to-child and intrafamilial transmission of HCV exists. Mother-to-child transmission, including by the transplacental route, occurs and the rate may be from 5 to 15%.
我们的目的是研究丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）的家庭内传播以及HCV携带母亲所生婴儿的母婴传播率。
使用第一代或第二代酶免疫分析试剂盒对2528名连续孕妇进行抗HCV抗体（抗-HCV）检测。抗-HCV阳性母亲所生婴儿及其家庭成员接受抗-HCV和HCV RNA检测。对这些婴儿进行前瞻性研究，每3个月检查一次，直至1岁，之后每6个月检查一次。
该人群中1.19%的人HCV呈阳性。32名抗-HCV阳性孕妇中有18名（56.3%）HCV RNA呈阳性。她们的26名丈夫中有6名（23.1%）、21名母亲中有4名（19.0%）以及11名父亲中有6名（54.5%）抗-HCV呈阳性，这些患病率远高于普通人群（p<0.001）。这些孕妇所生婴儿的30份脐带血样本中有2份（6.7%）HCV RNA呈阳性。在18名HCV RNA阳性孕妇所生的29名儿童中，4名（13.8%）HCV RNA呈阳性，但14名HCV RNA阴性孕妇所生的27名儿童中无一例阳性。
提示存在HCV的母婴传播和家庭内传播。母婴传播包括经胎盘途径发生，传播率可能为5%至15%。
