Bourgeois M
Ann Med Psychol (Paris). 1978 Nov;136(9):985-1008.
Psychological treatments of transsexualism and sex gender Dysphoria syndroms. Recent data. There are generally two types of patients requesting sex change operations: one type is the classical but rare transsexual, the others belong to the larger more vague group of sex gender Dysphoria. These syndroms have been felt to be unresponsive to psychotherapy. We review here some recent attempts of psychological treatments which claim to improve satisfaction with biological sex gender identity and result in renonciation of the request of sex reassignment surgery (S.R.S.). These psychotherapies use various methods: Behavior therapy, psychoanalytically-oriented psychotherapy, religious exorcism and conversion. The reports reviewed suggest that sex gender identity may be more malleable than previously thought in transsexual syndrom, at least in relatively youthful subjects. Cases of recent onset of the syndrom which result from a crisis cases underline the necessity for careful evaluation and attempted psychological treatment before undertaking irreversible surgical procedures.
易性癖和性别焦虑症的心理治疗。近期数据。一般有两类患者要求进行变性手术：一类是典型但罕见的易性癖者，另一类属于更庞大、更模糊的性别焦虑群体。这些综合征一直被认为对心理治疗无反应。我们在此回顾一些近期的心理治疗尝试，这些尝试声称能提高对生理性别的认同满意度，并导致放弃性别重置手术（S.R.S.）的请求。这些心理疗法使用各种方法：行为疗法、精神分析导向的心理治疗、宗教驱魔和皈依疗法。所回顾的报告表明，在易性癖综合征中，性别认同可能比以前认为的更具可塑性，至少在相对年轻的受试者中是这样。由危机情况导致的该综合征近期发病案例强调了在进行不可逆转的外科手术之前进行仔细评估和尝试心理治疗的必要性。
