Evolutionary affiliation of the marine nitrogen-fixing cyanobacterium Trichodesmium sp. strain NIBB 1067, derived by 16S ribosomal RNA sequence analysis.

The 16S rRNA sequence of Trichodesmium sp. strain NIBB 1067 was determined and used for the construction of a distance tree and bootstrap analysis. The tree shows that, among the available cyanobacterial 16S rRNA sequences, Trichodesmium NIBB 1067 has Oscillatoria PCC 7515 as its closest relative, presenting 94.9% of sequence similarity with the latter strain. This is in contrast to a difference of 9 mol% G+C in mean genomic DNA base composition between the two organisms. Nevertheless, the genotypic heterogeneity presented by a number of strains assigned to the genus Oscillatoria hinders a taxonomic decision on the separate existence of the genera Trichodesmium and Oscillatoria. The sequence of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) between the 16S and 23S rRNA genes was also determined, as a possible marker to study inter- and intraspecific variability. The ITS contains the genes coding for tRNA(Ile) and tRNA(Ala) and its total length is 547 nucleotides. In six out of eight sequenced clones, there is a duplication of 29 nucleotides, surrounding the 5' end of the tRNA(Ile).