Scheiner O, Breiteneder H, Dolocek C, Duchêne M, Ebner C, Ferreira F, Hoffmann K, Schenk S, Valenta R, Kraft D
Universität Wien, Austria.
Arb Paul Ehrlich Inst Bundesamt Sera Impfstoffe Frankf A M. 1994(87):221-32; discussion 233-4.
Well-defined allergen preparations are, in the first line, a prerequisite for exact diagnosis, but will be supposedly useful tools in immunotherapy of Type I (IgE-mediated) allergic diseases. The allergens have to be available in standardized and highly purified form in sufficient quantities. By applying recombinant DNA techniques this goal can be achieved with respect to both, characterization and reproducibility of allergen preparations. As an example, purified recombinant non-fusion Betv1 revealed identical immunological properties with respect to interaction with both, anti-Betv1 antibodies and Betv1-specific T cell clones when compared with natural Betv1 purified from birch pollen. Moreover, cloning of allergens yielded a number of deduced primary structures of allergens, which allows computer-aided comparisons with already known amino acid sequences. Significant sequence similarities with well-described proteins may point at a biological and biochemical function of the cloned allergen, which might be of interest for considerations why a certain protein within an extract represents an allergen. Furthermore, the interaction of small peptides synthesized according to amino acid sequences of cloned allergens with allergen-specific T and B cells can be investigated. Respective results will yield information about the regulation of IgE synthesis and, thus, might point at new concepts of immunotherapy.
明确界定的变应原制剂首先是精确诊断的先决条件，但有望成为I型（IgE介导的）过敏性疾病免疫治疗的有用工具。变应原必须以标准化和高度纯化的形式大量提供。通过应用重组DNA技术，就变应原制剂的特性和可重复性而言，这一目标都能够实现。例如，与从桦树花粉中纯化的天然Betv1相比，纯化的重组非融合Betv1在与抗Betv1抗体和Betv1特异性T细胞克隆相互作用方面显示出相同的免疫学特性。此外，变应原的克隆产生了许多推导的变应原一级结构，这使得能够与已知氨基酸序列进行计算机辅助比较。与已充分描述的蛋白质具有显著的序列相似性可能表明克隆的变应原具有生物学和生化功能，这对于考虑提取物中的某种蛋白质为何代表变应原可能具有重要意义。此外，可以研究根据克隆变应原的氨基酸序列合成的小肽与变应原特异性T细胞和B细胞的相互作用。相应的结果将产生有关IgE合成调节的信息，因此可能指向免疫治疗的新概念。
