Allen L H
Department of Nutrition, University of California at Davis 95616, USA.
J Nutr. 1995 Apr;125(4 Suppl):1119S-1126S. doi: 10.1093/jn/125.suppl_4.1119S.
The overall objective of both the Institute of Nutrition of Central America and Panama (INCAP) studies and the Nutrition Collaborative Research Support Program (CRSP) was to determine if marginal malnutrition affects human function. The conclusions from the two studies were consistent, notably that growth stunting occurs early in life and is accompanied by functional impairments. These consequences of early malnutrition persist later in life. The comparison of INCAP and Nutrition CRSP results also illustrates that the Guatemalan children were more malnourished and stunted than those in Kenya, Mexico or Egypt and that this greater degree of stunting occurs before 18 months of age. Even the Atole did not bring the average size of supplemented children in Guatemala up to those of the unsupplemented children in the CRSP populations. It is also likely that their functional potential was not realized fully by supplementation. The CRSP studies provide evidence of multiple micronutrient deficiencies associated with poor growth and function and it is probable that these associations exist in Guatemala as well. The overall conclusion is that our attention should be directed to determining the adequacy of micronutrient status in the perinatal period and to the development of approaches that prevent early growth failure.
中美洲和巴拿马营养研究所（INCAP）的研究以及营养协作研究支持项目（CRSP）的总体目标是确定边缘性营养不良是否会影响人体机能。两项研究的结论是一致的，特别是生长发育迟缓在生命早期就会出现，并伴有功能障碍。早期营养不良的这些后果在生命后期依然存在。对INCAP和营养CRSP研究结果的比较还表明，危地马拉儿童比肯尼亚、墨西哥或埃及的儿童营养不良和发育迟缓的情况更严重，而且这种更严重的发育迟缓在18个月龄之前就已出现。即使是阿托尔粥也未能使危地马拉补充营养儿童的平均身高达到CRSP人群中未补充营养儿童的身高。补充营养也很可能未能充分实现他们的功能潜力。CRSP研究提供了与生长发育不良和机能不佳相关的多种微量营养素缺乏的证据，危地马拉很可能也存在这些关联。总体结论是，我们应将注意力转向确定围产期微量营养素状况是否充足，以及开发预防早期生长发育不良的方法。
