Aström G, Norberg A, Hallberg I R
Department of Advanced Nursing, Umeå University, Sweden.
J Prof Nurs. 1995 Mar-Apr;11(2):110-8. doi: 10.1016/s8755-7223(05)80026-2.
The content and the meaning of nurses' caring in practice remain poorly illuminated. To contribute to a better understanding, the meaning of caring, abilities needed for caring, experiences that make caring worthwhile, and the source of the strength needed to continue caring were focused on in interviews with experienced nurses in surgical (n = 15), medical (n = 15), and long-term (n = 15) care. The analysis showed both similarities and differences between the three groups of nurses. One similarity lay in the ability of the nurses within their caring role to understand the situation, to establish contact with the patient, and to act in the patient's best interest especially regarding the relief of pain and anxiety. On the other hand, one of the differences was that the nurses engaged in long-term care emphasized support of the patients' psychosocial needs more than nurses engaged in surgical and medical care, who emphasized support of the patients' weakened vital functions. The analysis also disclosed that almost all of the nurses had been troubled by problems of patient care when they were new to their jobs, but experience and maturity had given them strength. Care in itself gave the nurses satisfaction and pleasure and made it worthwhile. Positive cooperation with coworkers and patients' families were the main sources of their strength to continue caring.
护士在实践中关怀的内容和意义仍未得到充分阐明。为了有助于更好地理解，在对外科（n = 15）、内科（n = 15）和长期护理（n = 15）领域的经验丰富护士进行访谈时，重点关注了关怀的意义、关怀所需的能力、使关怀变得有价值的经历以及持续关怀所需力量的来源。分析显示三组护士之间既有相似之处，也有不同之处。一个相似点在于护士在其关怀角色中能够理解情况、与患者建立联系并为患者的最大利益行事，特别是在缓解疼痛和焦虑方面。另一方面，不同之处之一在于，长期护理护士比外科和内科护理护士更强调对患者心理社会需求的支持，而后两者更强调对患者衰弱生命功能的支持。分析还表明，几乎所有护士在初入工作岗位时都曾为患者护理问题所困扰，但经验和成熟度赋予了他们力量。关怀本身给护士带来了满足感和愉悦感，并使其变得有价值。与同事和患者家属的积极合作是他们继续关怀的主要力量来源。
