Autonomic regulation of tissue resistance in the guinea pig lung.

Although the autonomic nervous system is known to influence airway tone and resistance in both the normal and inflamed lung, its effects on tissue resistance (Rti) have not been defined. To characterize autonomic neural control of Rti in the lung, we measured airway resistance (Raw) and Rti, lung elastance, and lung hysteresivity after adrenergic, cholinergic, and nonadrenergic noncholinergic (NANC) blockade in anesthetized mechanically ventilated guinea pigs by using the alveolar capsule technique. Five animals received 1 mg/kg i.v. phentolamine (alpha-blocker), eight received 1 mg/kg i.v. propranolol (beta-blocker), six received 0.1 mg/kg i.v. atropine (parasympatholytic), six had surgical bilateral vagotomy, and five were treated 14 days before study with 50 mg/kg sc capsaicin (peptidergic neurotransmitter depleter). Measurements were recorded at 5- to 10-min intervals for 120 min after pharmacological induction of autonomic blockade. Capsaicin treatment resulted in decreases in lung resistance (RL), Raw, and dynamic elastance (Edyn) compared with controls but Rti was not significantly affected. beta-Blockade resulted in significant increases in RL, Raw, and Edyn but did not affect Rti. alpha-Blockade and vagolytic maneuvers had no effect on RL, Raw, Rti, or Edyn. Furthermore, there was no effect of cholinergic, adrenergic, or NANC blockade on the relationship between Rti or elastance and breathing frequency or mean lung volume during tidal breathing. Our results suggest that, in the normal guinea pig lung, baseline Raw is modulated by both the beta-adrenergic and NANC nervous systems but Rti tone is largely independent of nervous system regulation.