Schürch B
International Dietary Energy Consultancy Group, Nestlé Foundation, Lausanne, Switzerland.
J Nutr. 1995 Aug;125(8 Suppl):2255S-2262S. doi: 10.1093/jn/125.suppl_8.2255S.
During the last 50 years, the perception of nutrition variables that affect behavioral development has shifted, as have the scientific hypotheses that were addressed, the design of the studies that were conducted, the nature and composition of the dietary supplements that were given and compared and the interpretation of outcomes. Methods of diagnosing malnutrition and identifying the populations at risk of becoming malnourished are reviewed in relation to nutrition interventions. Even in dietary supplementation studies it can be difficult to isolate specific nutrient effects because of associations and interactions among dietary components. These and other problems associated with the study of possible effects of dietary energy, protein and micronutrients, and of breast vs. formula feeding on human development are examined. Where dietary intake data, biochemical indicators or clinical symptoms strongly suggest that presence of a single nutrient deficiency, the appropriate action may continue to be food supplementation or fortification, until the corresponding nutrient deficiency has been rectified in the habitual diet; where the nature of the deficiency is less clear, supplementation trials and programs aimed at improving dietary diversity and quality in general are more likely to show effects on indicators of behavioral development.
在过去50年里，影响行为发育的营养变量的认知发生了变化，所探讨的科学假设、所开展研究的设计、所给予和比较的膳食补充剂的性质及成分以及结果的解释也都有所改变。结合营养干预措施，对营养不良的诊断方法以及确定有营养不良风险人群的方法进行了综述。即使在膳食补充研究中，由于膳食成分之间的关联和相互作用，也很难分离出特定营养素的作用。本文探讨了这些问题以及与膳食能量、蛋白质和微量营养素的可能作用研究，以及母乳喂养与配方奶喂养对人类发育的影响相关的其他问题。当膳食摄入数据、生化指标或临床症状强烈表明存在单一营养素缺乏时，适当的措施可能仍然是食物补充或强化，直到习惯性饮食中的相应营养素缺乏得到纠正；当缺乏的性质不太明确时，旨在总体上改善膳食多样性和质量的补充试验和项目更有可能对行为发育指标产生影响。
