Baer M T, Harris A B
USC School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA.
J Am Diet Assoc. 1997 Oct;97(10 Suppl 2):S107-15. doi: 10.1016/s0002-8223(97)00741-4.
Nutrition services are important in the prevention of disabilities as well as in the treatment and/or habilitation of children with chronic illness. Level 1 nutrition care requires some basic knowledge of nutrition to screen for nutritional risk factors, knowledge of and access to referral systems for children identified to be at risk, and ability to use general nutrition education materials. Level 2 involves individualized nutrition assessment and intervention for problems such as anemia, chronic constipation, low- or high-calorie diets, feeding problems, and growth monitoring. Level 3 nutrition services are for children with identified disabilities such as cystic fibrosis, diabetes, and metabolic disorders that require specific complex nutrition interventions. The five major components of assessment of nutritional status in children are: anthropometric, clinical, biochemical, dietary, and feeding skill development.
营养服务对于预防残疾以及对患有慢性病的儿童进行治疗和/或康复具有重要意义。一级营养护理需要一些基本的营养知识来筛查营养风险因素，了解并能够使用针对被确定为有风险的儿童的转诊系统，以及具备使用一般营养教育材料的能力。二级营养护理涉及针对贫血、慢性便秘、低热量或高热量饮食、喂养问题以及生长监测等问题进行个体化营养评估和干预。三级营养服务针对患有特定残疾的儿童，如囊性纤维化、糖尿病和代谢紊乱等，这些疾病需要特定的复杂营养干预措施。儿童营养状况评估的五个主要组成部分是：人体测量、临床、生化、饮食和喂养技能发展。
