Skelton R M
Psychoanalytic Studies, Trinity College, Dublin.
Int J Psychoanal. 1995 Apr;76 ( Pt 2):389-97.
This paper introduces the reader to modern logic, more particularly the branch of logic called 'Model Theory', which is extensively used by Bion. Logic today is no longer described as the study of 'valid inference', but rather by the notion of consistency of beliefs. This central concern of the logician with consistency is also seen to be that of the psychoanalyst when he aims for eventual resolution of conflict between a patient's contradictory beliefs. Models are explained as the use of the already familiar to explain the unfamiliar, as when, for example, we invoke our familiar planetary system to understand the complex structure of the atom. In psychoanalysis we seek to find the old childhood models underpinning a patient's contemporary model of himself and others. Thus both Model Theory and psychoanalysis are interested in how we 'see the new in terms of the old'. Finally, the creation of models is assimilated to the integrative tendency of depressive activity and the dissolving or collapsing of models linked to paranoid-schizoid activity. As these two processes in the individual are linked by Bion we can see human beings as continually oscillating between creating and destroying models of their inner and outer worlds.
本文向读者介绍现代逻辑学，更具体地说是被称为“模型论”的逻辑学分支，比昂广泛运用了这一分支。如今，逻辑学不再被描述为对“有效推理”的研究，而是用信念一致性的概念来描述。逻辑学家对一致性的这一核心关注，在精神分析学家旨在最终解决患者矛盾信念之间的冲突时也能看到。模型被解释为用已熟悉的事物来解释不熟悉的事物，例如，当我们借助熟悉的行星系统来理解原子的复杂结构时。在精神分析中，我们试图找到支撑患者关于自己和他人的当代模型的童年旧模型。因此，模型论和精神分析都关注我们如何“用旧的眼光看待新的事物”。最后，模型的创建被等同于抑郁活动的整合倾向，以及与偏执分裂活动相关的模型的消解或崩塌。由于比昂认为个体中的这两个过程是相互关联的，我们可以将人类视为在不断地在创造和破坏其内心和外部世界的模型之间摇摆。
