Fulcheri E
Institute of Anatomy and Histopathology, University of Genova
Boll Soc Ital Biol Sper. 1995 Mar-Apr;71(3-4):105-10.
To date, rehydration techniques on mummified tissues as well as the methods for histological specimen preparation with standard basic stains and with histochemical techniques are commonly known and well established. The application of immunohistochemical techniques is a further development in the study of mummified tissues. Similarly to what is done on fresh and fixed tissues, reaction sensitivity and specificity must be guaranteed. While reaction sensitivity depends on serum quality and the detection method employed, specificity is guaranteed by serum quality but also by method standardisation. Method standardisation is the most serious problem in the study of mummified tissues. Mummified tissues have different antigen preservation characteristics, varying from subject to subject, and even within the same subject, depending on the topographic region and the site. These changes are due to different mummification methods and to subsequent environmental conditions in which the mummy was preserved. The Streptavidin-Biotin-Peroxidase Complex (SABC) technique guarantees excellent detection sensitivity. However, the method accuracy and reliability can be ensured only through a rigorous case by case examination with internal controls on structures in which the antigens we are looking for are surely expressed. Today, with these artifices (technique optimisation), cell differentiation phenotype markers can be detected which are useful in paleopathological studies and in the diagnosis of morphologically doubtful lesions.
迄今为止，对木乃伊化组织的复水技术以及使用标准碱性染色和组织化学技术制备组织学标本的方法已广为人知且成熟完善。免疫组织化学技术的应用是木乃伊化组织研究的进一步发展。与对新鲜组织和固定组织所做的一样，必须保证反应的敏感性和特异性。反应敏感性取决于血清质量和所采用的检测方法，而特异性不仅由血清质量保证，还由方法标准化保证。方法标准化是木乃伊化组织研究中最严重的问题。木乃伊化组织具有不同的抗原保存特征，因个体而异，甚至在同一受试者体内，也因地形区域和部位不同而有所变化。这些变化是由于不同的木乃伊化方法以及木乃伊保存所处的后续环境条件所致。链霉亲和素-生物素-过氧化物酶复合物（SABC）技术保证了出色的检测敏感性。然而，只有通过对我们正在寻找的抗原肯定表达的结构进行严格的逐例内部对照检查，才能确保方法的准确性和可靠性。如今，借助这些技巧（技术优化），可以检测出在古病理学研究和形态学上可疑病变的诊断中有用的细胞分化表型标记物。
