Pulkkinen M O
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Turku, Finland.
Ann Med. 1995 Jun;27(3):307-10. doi: 10.3109/07853899509002582.
For normal fertilization, the ovum must be picked up from the ovarian surface or from the abdominal cavity into the ampulla. The rapid transport of gametes includes a complex reorganization of the oviductal smooth muscle electrical activity that precedes the mechanical activity. The 3-day stay at the ampulla-isthmic junction requires both signals from the ovum to the oviduct and vice versa, supporting the ovum and regulating its to-and-fro movements. Oviductal fluid, a principal factor in tubal function, coats the newly fertilized egg, activates transcription and gives a signal for sperm fertility potential. Early blocks to embryo development in in vitro conditions, as compared to in vivo success, means that critical developments during the first cell cycles of embryonic life in the oviduct are actively regulated by oviductal embryotrophic factors. These have been used clinically in co-culture systems. Lytic factors are weak in human and other primates, predisposing to high incidence of tubal pregnancies, with considerable impact on medical practice. Diverse oviductal factors affect the incidence, infection being the most significant. Optimal oviductal function is necessary to provide a proper environment for early human life.
对于正常受精而言，卵子必须从卵巢表面或腹腔被摄取到输卵管壶腹部。配子的快速运输包括输卵管平滑肌电活动的复杂重组，该电活动先于机械活动。在壶腹-峡部连接处停留3天既需要卵子向输卵管发出信号，也需要输卵管向卵子发出信号，以支持卵子并调节其来回运动。输卵管液是输卵管功能的一个主要因素，它包裹新受精的卵子，激活转录并为精子的受精潜能发出信号。与体内成功情况相比，体外条件下胚胎发育的早期阻滞意味着输卵管胚胎营养因子积极调节着输卵管中胚胎生命最初细胞周期的关键发育过程。这些因子已在临床共培养系统中得到应用。溶解因子在人类和其他灵长类动物中作用较弱，易导致输卵管妊娠的高发生率，对医疗实践有相当大的影响。多种输卵管因素会影响发生率，其中感染最为显著。最佳的输卵管功能对于为人类早期生命提供适宜环境是必要的。
