Jousimies-Somer H R
Anaerobe Reference Laboratory, National Public Health Institute, Helsinki, Findland.
Clin Infect Dis. 1995 Jun;20 Suppl 2:S187-91. doi: 10.1093/clinids/20.supplement_2.s187.
Pigmented anaerobic gram-negative rods are currently categorized as 17 species distributed in three genera: Prevotella, Porphyromonas, and Bacteroides. These organisms are often encountered in clinical specimens but are also found as part of the indigenous flora on various mucosal surfaces. Several studies are presently assessing the association of individual species with health and disease. For example, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Porphyromonas endodontalis are key putative pathogens in adult periodontitis and root canal infections, respectively. Porphyromonas asaccharolytica is prevalent in extraoral infections. The Porphyromonas species of animal origin have been isolated from infected bite wounds in humans. Isolates closely resembling Bacteroides levii have been recovered from various types of human infections. According to preliminary reports, Prevotella intermedia tends to be associated more often with periodontal disease than with a healthy oral cavity. In the laboratory, enzyme profiling facilitates the identification of these pigmented rods. Beta-Lactamase production is more common among prevotella species (30%-50%) than among Porphyromonas species (< 10%).
色素沉着的厌氧革兰氏阴性杆菌目前被归类为17个种，分布于三个属：普雷沃菌属、卟啉单胞菌属和拟杆菌属。这些微生物在临床标本中经常出现，但也作为各种粘膜表面固有菌群的一部分被发现。目前有几项研究正在评估各个菌种与健康和疾病之间的关联。例如，牙龈卟啉单胞菌和牙髓卟啉单胞菌分别是成人牙周炎和根管感染的主要假定病原体。解糖卟啉单胞菌在口腔外感染中很常见。动物源的卟啉单胞菌种已从人类感染的咬伤伤口中分离出来。从各种类型的人类感染中分离出了与迟缓拟杆菌非常相似的菌株。根据初步报告，中间普雷沃菌与牙周疾病的关联往往比与健康口腔的关联更为常见。在实验室中，酶谱分析有助于鉴定这些色素沉着的杆菌。产β-内酰胺酶在普雷沃菌种中（30%-50%）比在卟啉单胞菌种中（<10%）更为常见。
