Structural and functional hierarchy of eukaryotic cilia and flagella.

There are now a variety of methods to investigate the morphofunctional aspects of eukaryotic cilia and cilia. These methods are useful for investigating the basic mechanism of eukaryotic axonemal mechanochemical function and understanding the function and interaction of its components. It is clear that the complex structure of eukaryotic axoneme requires the combination of all these techniques to unravel its mystery. The compositionally simple in vitro microtubule assays are crucial in investigating the functions of different dyneins within an axoneme. However, because such assays do not include other components of the axoneme and the important mechanical feedback present in a beating axoneme, reactivation of the entire structure will continue to play a basic role in the morphofunctional study of eukaryotic axonemes.