Wainman T, Hazen R E, Lioy P J
UMDNJ, Robert Wood Johnson Medicla School, Department of Environmental and Community Medicine, Piscataway 08855-1179, USA.
J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 1994 Apr-Jun;4(2):171-81.
Hexavalent chromium is a common skin irritant that can cause contact dermatitis in sensitized individuals. Soil samples from two chromium waste sites having different Cr(VI) concentrations were extracted in synthetic sweat solutions over a pH range of 4 to 8 and analyzed for Cr(VI). These extractions were performed to determine the potential availability of Cr(VI) from contaminated soils upon contact with human sweat. The samples were also extracted using the EPA Method 3060 alkaline digestion. Overall, hexavalent chromium was readily extractable from both samples in the solutions tested. One of the samples contained Cr(VI) crystals, known as blooms, and had a Cr(VI) concentration approximately 40 times greater than the sample without blooms. The pH of the synthetic sweat solution had little effect on the Cr(VI) concentration determined for the sample containing blooms, whereas the Cr(VI) concentration determined for the sample without blooms increased with increasing pH. The Cr(VI) extracted in the synthetic sweat solutions was consistently lower than the amount extracted by the EPA 3060 alkaline extraction.
六价铬是一种常见的皮肤刺激物，可导致敏感个体发生接触性皮炎。从两个具有不同六价铬浓度的铬污染场地采集土壤样本，在pH值为4至8的合成汗液溶液中进行提取，并对六价铬进行分析。进行这些提取是为了确定受污染土壤中的六价铬与人体汗液接触时的潜在可利用性。样本还采用美国环境保护局（EPA）方法3060进行碱性消解提取。总体而言，在测试的溶液中，两个样本中的六价铬都易于提取。其中一个样本含有称为“水华”的六价铬晶体，其六价铬浓度比没有“水华”的样本大约高40倍。合成汗液溶液的pH值对含有“水华”的样本所测定的六价铬浓度影响很小，而对没有“水华”的样本所测定的六价铬浓度则随pH值升高而增加。在合成汗液溶液中提取的六价铬始终低于EPA 3060碱性提取法所提取的量。
