Nimer S D, Uchida H
Laboratory of Molecular Aspects of Hematopoiesis, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York 10021, USA.
Stem Cells. 1995 Jul;13(4):324-35. doi: 10.1002/stem.5530130402.
Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and interleukin 3 (IL-3) are multilineage acting hematopoietic growth factors which have overlapping but distinct biological properties. Cellular sources of IL-3 are confined to activated T cells, natural killer (NK) cells, mast cells and possibly megakaryocytes, while these cells and activated macrophages, fibroblasts and endothelial cells are important sources of GM-CSF. In vitro studies have implicated both cytokines in the autocrine growth of human myeloid or murine mast cell leukemias. The human GM-CSF and IL-3 genes map to the long arm of chromosome 5, show similar genomic structures, and share several conserved elements in their 5' and 3' flanking regions. The promoters of these genes contain a variety of positive and negative regulatory regions, and the level of expression of these genes is controlled by both transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms.
粒细胞-巨噬细胞集落刺激因子（GM-CSF）和白细胞介素3（IL-3）是具有多种作用的造血生长因子，它们具有重叠但又不同的生物学特性。IL-3的细胞来源局限于活化的T细胞、自然杀伤（NK）细胞、肥大细胞以及可能的巨核细胞，而这些细胞以及活化的巨噬细胞、成纤维细胞和内皮细胞是GM-CSF的重要来源。体外研究表明，这两种细胞因子都与人类髓系或鼠肥大细胞白血病的自分泌生长有关。人类GM-CSF和IL-3基因定位于5号染色体长臂，具有相似的基因组结构，并且在其5'和3'侧翼区域共享几个保守元件。这些基因的启动子包含多种正性和负性调节区域，并且这些基因的表达水平受转录和转录后机制的控制。
