Rothenberg P B
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1978;5(4):425-39. doi: 10.3109/00952997809007018.
The employment patterns of 342 male methadone maintenance patients who remained in treatment for at least 1 year are examined. Four periods in the patients' lives are considered: (1) the period before addiction, (2) the period of addiction, (3) the time of entry into the treatment program, and (4) the first treatment year. Although more than three-quarters of the patients were employed regularly during the period before addiction, only about one-quarter were employed while addicted. At entry into the program 15% were employed, and 25% worked regularly during the first treatment year. An examination of some semographic, social, and work-related correlates of employment status during each period revealed that factors such as ethnicity, educational attainment, marital status, alcohol use, previous employment, and attitudes toward work were all important in relation to patients' employment status at one or more of the four periods. The treatment program had only a moderate impact on patients' attitudes toward work and employment behavior.
对342名接受美沙酮维持治疗至少1年的男性患者的就业模式进行了研究。研究考虑了患者生活中的四个阶段：（1）成瘾前阶段，（2）成瘾阶段，（3）进入治疗项目的时间，以及（4）治疗的第一年。尽管超过四分之三的患者在成瘾前阶段有规律地就业，但成瘾期间只有约四分之一的患者就业。进入项目时，15%的患者有工作，在治疗的第一年，25%的患者有规律地工作。对每个阶段就业状况的一些人口统计学、社会和工作相关关联因素的研究表明，种族、教育程度、婚姻状况、饮酒情况、以前的就业经历以及对工作的态度等因素在四个阶段中的一个或多个阶段对患者的就业状况都很重要。治疗项目对患者对工作的态度和就业行为只有适度的影响。
