Eisenberg N, Fabes R A, Murphy B, Maszk P, Smith M, Karbon M
Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-1104, USA.
Child Dev. 1995 Oct;66(5):1360-84.
Multiple measures of children's emotionality (emotional intensity and negative affectivity), regulation (including attentional and behavioral regulation and coping), and social functioning (teachers' reports of nonaggressive/socially appropriate behavior and prosocial/socially competent behavior; and parents' reports of problem behavior) were obtained for 6-8-year-olds. In addition, emotionality, attentional regulation, and coping were assessed 2 years previously. Social functioning was expected to be predicted by low negative emotionality and high levels of regulation. In general, the data supported the predictions, although the findings for parent reports of problem behavior were primarily for boys. Prediction of social functioning from measures of regulation and emotionality occurred primarily within a given context (school vs. home) rather than across contexts, even though there were relations across reporters within the school or home context. In addition, vagal tone, a marker of physiological regulation, was positively related to competent social functioning and emotionality/regulation for boys, but inversely related for girls.
我们收集了6至8岁儿童的多项指标，包括情绪方面（情绪强度和消极情感）、调节方面（包括注意力和行为调节以及应对方式）以及社会功能方面（教师对非攻击性/社会适应性行为和亲社会/社会能力行为的报告；以及家长对问题行为的报告）。此外，两年前还对情绪、注意力调节和应对方式进行了评估。我们预计，低消极情绪和高水平的调节能力能够预测社会功能。总体而言，数据支持了这些预测，不过家长对问题行为的报告结果主要适用于男孩。从调节和情绪指标对社会功能的预测主要发生在特定情境中（学校与家庭），而非跨情境预测，尽管在学校或家庭情境中不同报告者之间存在关联。此外，迷走神经张力作为生理调节的一个指标，与男孩的良好社会功能以及情绪/调节能力呈正相关，但与女孩呈负相关。
