Eisenberg N, Fabes R A, Murphy B C
Arizona State University, Tempe 85287-1104, USA.
Child Dev. 1996 Oct;67(5):2227-47.
The purpose of this study was to examine the relations of mothers' and fathers' reported emotion-related practices to parents' and teachers' reports of third- to sixth-grade children's social skills, popularity, and coping, as well as the quantity and quality of children's comforting of an infant. Mothers' problem-focused reactions tended to be positively associated with children's social functioning and coping, whereas maternal minimizing reactions tended to be linked to lower levels of social competence and high levels of avoidant coping. There were few findings for fathers' reactions, although fathers reported fewer problem-focused reactions with socially competent, in contrast to less competent, daughters. Emotion-focused and problem-focused maternal reactions, as well as encouragement of the expression of emotion, were associated with boys' children's comforting behavior, although a moderate level of maternal encouragement of the expression of emotion was associated with quality of girls' comforting.
本研究的目的是考察父母报告的与情绪相关的行为方式与父母及教师对三至六年级儿童社交技能、受欢迎程度和应对方式的报告之间的关系，以及儿童安抚婴儿的数量和质量。母亲以问题为中心的反应往往与孩子的社交功能和应对方式呈正相关，而母亲的淡化反应往往与较低的社会能力水平和较高的回避应对水平有关。关于父亲的反应，研究结果较少，不过与社交能力较差的女儿相比，父亲报告说社交能力较强的女儿的以问题为中心的反应较少。以情绪为中心和以问题为中心的母亲反应，以及对情绪表达的鼓励，都与男孩的儿童安抚行为有关，不过母亲对情绪表达的适度鼓励与女孩安抚的质量有关。
