White D H, Hoffman D J
National Biological Service, University of Georgia, Athens, USA.
Environ Health Perspect. 1995 May;103 Suppl 4(Suppl 4):37-9. doi: 10.1289/ehp.103-1519272.
Wood ducks (Aix sponsa) nesting along Bayou Meto downstream from a hazardous waste site in central Arkansas were contaminated with polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs). Residues in eggs, based on 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin equivalents (TCDD-EQ), ranged up to 611 parts per trillion (ppt), and egg arithmetic means were 90-fold higher at the site nearest the point source compared with a reference site. We monitored productivity of wood ducks in artificial nest boxes at three sites on the bayou and at a reference site on a separate drainage during 1988-1990. Productivity was suppressed (p < 0.05) at the bayou sites compared with the reference site, and egg TCDD-EQs were inversely correlated (p < 0.001) with productivity in corresponding nests. The threshold range of toxicity, where reduced productivity was evident in wood ducks (based on TCDD-EQs), was > 20 to 50 ppt. Oxidative stress and teratogenic effects occurred in ducklings at the more contaminated nesting sites nearest the point source. These findings suggest that wood ducks may be more sensitive to PCDD and PCDF contamination than some other aquatic birds and could serve as an indicator species for monitoring biological impacts from these contaminants.
在阿肯色州中部一个危险废物处理场下游的梅托河沿岸筑巢的林鸳鸯（Aix sponsa）被多氯二苯并对二恶英（PCDDs）和二苯并呋喃（PCDFs）污染。以2,3,7,8 - 四氯二苯并对二恶英当量（TCDD - EQ）计，鸟蛋中的残留物含量高达万亿分之611（ppt），且在最靠近污染源的地点，鸟蛋算术平均值比一个参考地点高90倍。1988 - 1990年期间，我们在该河的三个地点以及另一条独立排水渠道上的一个参考地点监测了人工巢箱中林鸳鸯的繁殖力。与参考地点相比，该河各地点的繁殖力受到抑制（p < 0.05），且鸟蛋中的TCDD - EQ与相应巢中林鸳鸯的繁殖力呈负相关（p < 0.001）。在林鸳鸯中，繁殖力明显下降的毒性阈值范围（基于TCDD - EQ）大于20至50 ppt。在最靠近污染源、污染更严重的筑巢地点，雏鸭出现了氧化应激和致畸效应。这些发现表明，林鸳鸯可能比其他一些水鸟对PCDD和PCDF污染更敏感，可作为监测这些污染物生物影响的指示物种。
