Fox G A
Canadian Wildlife Service, Environment Canada, Hull, Quebec.
Environ Health Perspect. 1995 May;103 Suppl 4(Suppl 4):93-100. doi: 10.1289/ehp.103-1519277.
Pollutants can act as powerful selective forces by altering genetic variability, its intergenerational transfer, and the size, functional viability, adaptability, and survival of future generations. It is at the level of the cell and the individual that meiosis occurs, that genetic diversity is maintained, and behavior, reproduction, growth, and survival occur and are regulated. It is at this level that evolutionary processes occur and most pollutants exert their toxic effects. Chronic exposure to chemicals contributes to the cumulative stress on individuals and disrupts physiological processes and chemically mediated communication thereby threatening the diversity and long-term survival of sexually reproducing biota. Regional or global effects of pollution on the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere have indirectly altered Earth's life-support systems, thereby modifying trace metal balance, reproduction, and incidence of UV-B-induced DNA damage in biota. By altering the competitive ability and survival of species, chemical pollutants potentially threaten evolutionary processes and the biodiversity and function of intercepting ecosystems.
污染物可通过改变遗传变异性、其代际传递以及后代的大小、功能活力、适应性和生存能力，充当强大的选择力量。减数分裂发生、遗传多样性得以维持、行为、繁殖、生长和生存发生并受到调节的层面是细胞和个体层面。正是在这个层面上发生了进化过程，并且大多数污染物发挥其毒性作用。长期接触化学物质会导致个体累积压力，扰乱生理过程和化学介导的通讯，从而威胁有性繁殖生物群的多样性和长期生存。污染对大气圈、水圈和岩石圈的区域或全球影响间接改变了地球的生命支持系统，从而改变了生物群中痕量金属平衡、繁殖以及紫外线B诱导的DNA损伤发生率。化学污染物通过改变物种的竞争能力和生存能力，潜在地威胁着进化过程以及拦截生态系统的生物多样性和功能。
