Nakata M
Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
Int Dent J. 1995 Aug;45(4):227-44.
Much debate has taken place over the relative importance of heredity and environment in the development of various diseases and conditions. Dental problems are not often easily categorised into either genetic or environmental, because most anomalies involve the interaction of both factors. Since many genetic disorders involve the orofacial region, the importance of the subject is paramount in dentistry to enable a proper understanding of the development of the various conditions and the treatment of patients presenting with those conditions. The incidence of newborn children with any congenital anomaly is estimated to be as high as 2 to 3 per cent, with more than half of these abnormalities, including minor manifestations, found in the head and neck region. It is therefore not unusual for dentists to be the first to recognise such conditions in their patients and be responsible for providing the necessary treatment. This paper describes many conditions, genetically or partly genetically mediated, which affect the oro-facial tissues, and offers descriptions by which the clinician can start to identify those conditions.
关于遗传和环境在各种疾病及病症发展过程中的相对重要性，已经展开了大量的讨论。牙齿问题往往不容易简单地归类为遗传因素或环境因素所致，因为大多数异常情况都涉及这两种因素的相互作用。由于许多遗传疾病都累及口面部区域，因此该主题在牙科领域至关重要，有助于正确理解各种病症的发展以及对患有这些病症的患者进行治疗。据估计，患有任何先天性异常的新生儿发病率高达2%至3%，其中一半以上的异常情况（包括轻微表现）出现在头颈部区域。因此，牙医首先识别患者的此类病症并负责提供必要治疗的情况并不罕见。本文描述了许多由遗传或部分由遗传介导的影响口面部组织的病症，并提供了临床医生可据此开始识别这些病症的描述。
